Metadata-Version: 2.4
Name: ablation-tool
Version: 2.81.0
Summary: Semantic function matching for stripped firmware. No symbols. No source. No setup.
License:                     GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
                               Version 3, 29 June 2007
        
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        the "copyright" and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
        
            <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
            Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
        
            This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
            it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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            (at your option) any later version.
        
            This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
            but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
            MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
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            You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
            along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
        
        Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
        
          If the program does terminal interaction, make it print a short
        notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
        
            <program>  Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
            This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
            This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
            under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
        
        The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
        parts of the General Public License.  Of course, your program's commands
        might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
        
          You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
        if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program if necessary.
        For more information on this visit <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
        
Project-URL: Homepage, https://github.com/Ablation-Tool/ablation
Project-URL: Issues, https://github.com/Ablation-Tool/ablation/issues
Project-URL: Changelog, https://github.com/Ablation-Tool/ablation/blob/main/docs/CHANGELOG.md
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Requires-Python: >=3.10
Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
License-File: LICENSE
Requires-Dist: capstone>=5.0.1
Requires-Dist: numpy>=1.26.0
Requires-Dist: lief>=0.14.0
Requires-Dist: sentence-transformers>=2.7.0
Requires-Dist: pyelftools>=0.29
Provides-Extra: llm
Requires-Dist: anthropic>=0.30.0; extra == "llm"
Provides-Extra: full
Requires-Dist: anthropic>=0.30.0; extra == "full"
Requires-Dist: angr>=9.2.90; extra == "full"
Requires-Dist: bitstring<4.0; extra == "full"
Dynamic: license-file

<img src="branding/ablation-1b-riveted-plate-wordmark-transparent-2560.png" width="520" alt="ABLATION">

![](https://komarev.com/ghpvc/?username=Ablation-Tool&color=grey) [![NIST SP 800-218](https://img.shields.io/badge/NIST%20SP%20800--218-SSDF-grey)](docs/ABLATION-STANDARDS.md) [![CISA Secure by Design](https://img.shields.io/badge/CISA-Secure%20by%20Design-grey)](docs/ABLATION-STANDARDS.md) [![MIL-HDBK-115C](https://img.shields.io/badge/MIL--HDBK--115C-Compliant-grey)](docs/ABLATION-STANDARDS.md)


Ablation is a self-contained reverse engineering framework.

It depends on neither legacy tools nor an MCP server, which removes the attack surface associated with MCP.

When used with Codex or Claude Code, it operates as an autonomous reverse engineering system.



---

<details>
<summary><strong>Claude Code Setup & Configuration</strong></summary>

### Quick Start

#### 1. Launch Session
```bash
cd ~/ablation && claude
```

#### 2. Set Model
```text
/model claude-sonnet-4-6
```
or
```text
/model claude-sonnet-4-5
```

#### 3. Define Objective
```text
/goal reverse engineer [whatever you want]
```

#### 4. Check Effort Level
Not sure what effort level to be set on? Ask inline without interrupting the main context:
```text
/btw What effort level should we be set on right now?
```

---

### Recommended Configuration (`/config`)

```text
Auto-compact                             true
Continue automatically at usage limit    true
Switch models when a message is flagged  Switch automatically
Show tips                                false
Claude-drafted feedback                  off
Reduce motion                            false
Thinking mode                            true
Fast mode (Opus 5.5)                     false
Prompt suggestions                       true
Session recap                            true
Rewind code (checkpoints)                true
Dynamic workflows                        true
Ultracode keyword trigger                false
Dynamic workflow size                    unrestricted
Artifacts                                false
Verbose output                           true
Terminal progress bar                    true
Show turn duration                       true
Time format                              auto
Default permission mode                  Manual
Worktree base ref                        fresh
Use auto mode during plan                true
Respect .gitignore in file picker        true
Skip the /copy picker                    false
Copy on select                           true
Auto-scroll                              true
Open agents view by default              false
← opens agents                           false
Auto-update channel                      disabled (config)
Theme                                    Dark mode (colorblind-friendly)
Local notifications                      Auto
Push when actions required               true
Push when Claude decides                 true
Output style                             Explanatory
Language                                 Default (English)
Editor mode                              normal
Question auto-continue timeout           never
Show last response in external editor    true
Show PR status footer                    true
Model                                    claude-sonnet-4-6
Auto-connect to IDE (external terminal)  true
Claude in Chrome enabled by default      true
Enable Remote Control for all sessions   false
Dialog expiry                            never
Messages from your other sessions        accept
```

</details>

---

![demo](demos/claude-code-demo.gif)

## Capabilities

<details>
<summary><strong>Core Analysis Engine</strong> </summary>

| Capability | |
|:---|:---|
| [**On-Demand Analysis**](docs/module-reference/on-demand-analysis.md) | Loads in seconds because it only analyzes the code being examined. A 2 GB firmware image opens as fast as a small one because nothing is parsed until it is needed. |
| [**Binary Lifting**](docs/module-reference/binary-lifter.md) | Translates machine code to readable pseudo-C across 31 architectures. ARM64 and x86-64 get register-level taint tracking so data flow is visible in the lifted output. |
| [**Semantic Code Search**](docs/module-reference/semantic-search.md) | Finds functions by describing what they do because stripped binaries have no symbols to search. Queries are scoped to the target binary so results return in under a second. |
| [**Hypothesis Engine**](docs/module-reference/hypothesis-engine.md) | Tracks competing theories about what a function does and scores evidence against each one. Sessions persist across engagements so analysis resumes where it left off. |
| [**DAG Adapter Language**](docs/module-reference/encoding-dag.md) | Every architecture shares the same analysis code path because each ISA compiles to a directed acyclic graph. Adding a new ISA takes one grammar file, so the architecture count grows without multiplying the codebase. |
| [**Entropy Mapper**](docs/module-reference/entropy-mapper.md) | Maps binary sections by Shannon entropy to classify encrypted, compressed, and plaintext regions before analysis begins. Sections approaching H=8.0 indicate AES or compressed data so analysis effort concentrates on decrypted plaintext regions first. |

</details>

<details>
<summary><strong>Learning & Continuity</strong> </summary>

| Capability | |
|:---|:---|
| [**The Flywheel**](docs/module-reference/flywheel.md) | Every confirmed finding replays as a search pattern on every future binary. A vulnerability confirmed on one vendor's firmware surfaces automatically when sweeping a different vendor's binary because confirmed findings are stored and replayed at engagement start. |
| [**Cross-Target Learning**](docs/module-reference/cross-target-learning.md) | Extracts a transferable signature from every confirmed finding and stores it in the pattern library so the tool grows sharper across targets. The Flywheel replays those signatures; this module generates them. |
| [**KASAN-Oracle**](docs/workflows/kasan-oracle.md) | Scans a KASAN debug build first because debug builds expose control flow that stripping removes. Confirmed candidates from the debug build then validate against the stripped production binary, so the debug image acts as a ground-truth oracle rather than a secondary target. |

</details>

<details>
<summary><strong>Vulnerability Discovery & Validation</strong> </summary>

| Capability | |
|:---|:---|
| [**Taint Analysis**](docs/module-reference/taint-analysis.md) | Follows network input through the call graph to security-sensitive sinks across 16 architectures. Library call sites do not stop the trace because register-level tracking resolves shared library stubs. |
| [**Cross-Library Analysis**](docs/module-reference/taint-analysis.md) | Traces an argument across up to three shared library hops so taint paths that cross library boundaries reach their sink rather than stopping at the first call. |
| [**Pre-Authentication Exposure**](docs/module-reference/preauth-exposure.md) | Finds every code path from the network entry point to a security-sensitive operation that runs before authentication. Manual review starts at the authentication boundary because the output is a reachability map, not a raw disassembly. |
| [**Sink Arg Classifier**](docs/module-reference/sink-arg-classifier.md) | Classifies what value reaches each exec-class sink so a taint hit is either confirmed as externally controlled or eliminated as a constant before manual review begins. |
| [**Finding Validation**](docs/module-reference/finding-validation.md) | Generates a working HTTP request that reproduces each confirmed finding at the protocol level. The request includes the expected response delta and CWE classification so a PSIRT submission arrives with working proof. |
| [**Compiler Defect Detection**](docs/module-reference/compiler-defects.md) | Finds security defects that the compiler introduced through miscompilation. Optimizer defects that silently select the wrong comparison operand can produce hundreds of confirmed vulnerabilities across a single firmware image. |
| [**Source Code Auditing**](docs/module-reference/source-audit.md) | Scores every source file by risk and batches the low-risk ones so manual review covers only the files most likely to contain vulnerabilities. |
| [**Cryptographic Analysis**](docs/module-reference/crypto.md) | Recovers cryptographic key material directly from compiled firmware and audits TLS and JWT configurations, so cryptographic findings do not require source access or a decryption oracle. |
| [**Protocol FSM Extractor**](docs/module-reference/proto-fsm.md) | Extracts the handshake state machine from network protocols in stripped ARM64 binaries using static loop and BSS state-variable analysis. Authentication state transitions become explicit without a running server or traffic capture. |
| [**BMP LSB Key Extractor**](docs/module-reference/lsb-stego-extractor.md) | Recovers cryptographic key material hidden in BMP pixel LSBs using a Shamir-style Lagrange polynomial secret-sharing scheme. Firmware and APK packages that conceal keys in image assets are handled without prior knowledge of the encoding. |
| [**Format String Scanner**](docs/module-reference/vuln-scanners.md) | Identifies format string vulnerabilities across the full printf family, syslog, and custom logging functions by tracing format argument provenance in x86-64 ELF binaries. Every call site where the format argument is not a .rodata string literal is a finding. |
| [**Heap Vulnerability Scanner**](docs/module-reference/vuln-scanners.md) | Detects heap use-after-free, double-free, and overflow patterns in x86-64 and LoongArch64 binaries using a forward symbolic pass tracking pointer state across allocation and free operations. Static analysis produces heap findings in firmware that cannot be fuzz-tested. |
| [**SQL Injection Scanner**](docs/module-reference/vuln-scanners.md) | Detects raw SQL injection in C/C++ binaries that call the MySQL C API or SQLite3 directly without a prepared-statement layer. Chains format-string builder analysis to SQL sink tracing so snprintf-to-mysql_query patterns surface that a format string scanner alone would miss. |
| [**RPC Server Analyzer**](docs/module-reference/rpc-server-analyzer.md) | Enumerates Windows RPC server interfaces and flags those registered with RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_NONE so any caller can reach the interface without credentials. Pairs with Windows PE Security Analysis for RPC coverage. |
| [**IOCTL Attack Surface**](docs/module-reference/ioctl-attack-surface.md) | Maps the IOCTL dispatch surface of a Windows kernel driver and flags METHOD_NEITHER codes before manual review begins. An integer-overflow path from a user-supplied length to a kernel allocation is a HIGH finding. |
| [**Length Underflow Scanner**](docs/module-reference/length-underflow.md) | Detects integer underflow in protocol parsers where a user-supplied length field has a fixed header size subtracted, wraps on truncation, and reaches a downstream allocation or copy without a prior bounds check. |
| [**Setuid Auth Oracle**](docs/module-reference/setuid-auth-oracle-scanner.md) | Identifies setuid binaries that call getspnam and crypt without PAM mediation, exposing a brute-force oracle because exit-code-based result disclosure bypasses rate limiting that pam_tally2 and faillock enforce. Absence of pam_start in the PLT surfaces candidates without a taint run. |
| [**Lua Injection Analyzer**](docs/module-reference/lua-injection-analyzer.md) | Detects unsanitized user-controlled strings passed to a Lua runtime via Python format operations. Built from two CRITICAL findings in FortiAnalyzer and FortiManager where no other scanner detected the class. |

</details>

<details>
<summary><strong>Specialized Recovery</strong> </summary>

| Capability | |
|:---|:---|
| [**C++ Vtable Reconstruction**](docs/module-reference/cpp-vtable-reconstructor.md) | Recovers C++ virtual dispatch tables from stripped ELF binaries on any architecture and names each slot. A generated type-annotation script propagates slot names through every call site so the decompiler shows method names instead of function pointer offsets. |
| [**PPC32 GOT2 Resolver**](docs/module-reference/ppc32-got2-resolver.md) | Resolves indirect calls in stripped GOT2-PIC PPC32 binaries at 98.6% coverage so taint paths through BCTRL stubs do not dead-end at the first unresolved call. |
| [**Dynamic Sandbox**](docs/module-reference/dynamic-sandbox.md) | Executes leaf functions in an emulated sandbox to fingerprint behavior where static analysis alone cannot distinguish branches. |
| [**Firmware Extraction**](docs/module-reference/firmware-analysis.md) | Decrypts vendor-encrypted firmware without a key because predictable patterns in inner partitions reveal it. Handles vendor-modified squashfs images including ARM64 BCJ-filtered variants. |
| [**Firmware Key Corpus**](docs/module-reference/firmware-key-corpus.md) | Classifies recovered firmware keys against a cross-image family table. An anomalous key count flags a potential finding before decryption begins. |

</details>

<details>
<summary><strong>Platform & Runtime Support</strong> </summary>

| Capability | |
|:---|:---|
| [**Windows PE Security Analysis**](docs/module-reference/windows-pe.md) | Audits a Windows PE binary for security weaknesses in a single pass. It checks CFG bypass exports, SafeSEH gaps, unauthenticated RPC endpoints, COM registration gaps, and kernel pool overflows so the attack surface is visible before manual review begins. |
| [**Windows Kernel Driver & BYOVD**](docs/module-reference/kernel-drivers.md) | Classifies signed kernel drivers for BYOVD capability before they are deployed. Physical memory access, privilege token manipulation, and callback removal each trigger a finding. |
| [**Android / APK Analysis**](docs/module-reference/android.md) | Maps the APK attack surface and ranks native libraries by risk before manual analysis begins. |
| [**HarmonyOS / ArkTS Analysis**](docs/module-reference/harmonyos.md) | Analyzes HarmonyOS HAP packages and ArkTS bytecode so OpenHarmony targets can be assessed without source access. Surfaces exported abilities, permission grants, and native library attack surface before manual review begins. |
| [**Go Binary Reverse Engineering**](docs/workflows/go-binaries.md) | Recovers function names from stripped Go binaries because the runtime embeds a metadata table that survives stripping. |
| [**Erlang / BEAM Analysis**](docs/module-reference/beam.md) | Decodes BEAM bytecode to readable pseudo-IR so Erlang and Elixir applications can be analyzed without source. High-risk import patterns and obfuscation indicators surface without executing the application. |
| [**MicroPython .mpy Lifter**](docs/module-reference/mpy-lifter.md) | Lifts .mpy v6 bytecode to readable pseudo-Python so MicroPython firmware on ESP32, STM32, and CC13xx targets can be analyzed without source. Flags dangerous imports and machine-level memory access calls in the lifted output. |
| [**Game & Legacy RE**](docs/module-reference/game-re.md) | Labels stripped game binary functions by engine so analysis starts at the game logic layer instead of the engine layer. Also handles PS3 Cell SPU and classic Mac OS PEF binaries. |
| [**PS3 SELF Decryptor**](docs/module-reference/ps3-self-decryptor.md) | Decrypts PS3 SELF (Signed ELF) files to plain ELF because lief and BinaryContext reject SCE-format magic. Keyset detection is automatic from the key_rev field so no manual key lookup is needed. |
| [**MCP Server Security Scanner**](docs/module-reference/mcp-tool-taint-scanner.md) | Scans MCP server source for unauthenticated endpoints, exec-class methods in allowed tool lists, and network-wide socket bindings. All three issue classes appeared in production MCP servers where no other scanner detected them. |
| [**LoongArch64**](docs/module-reference/loongarch64.md) | The only public reverse engineering toolkit built specifically for LoongArch64. Every analysis phase works without architecture-specific workarounds. |
| [**nanoMIPS**](docs/module-reference/nanomips.md) | Follows tainted data through nanoMIPS binaries interprocedurally, resolving branch targets and PLT stubs that no other public tool handles. |

</details>

<details>
<summary><strong>Automotive ECU Analysis</strong> </summary>

| Capability | |
|:---|:---|
| [**ECU Architecture Detector**](docs/module-reference/ecu-arch-detector.md) | Identifies the ISA of a flat ECU ROM from raw bytes alone. PPC32, SH-2A, TriCore, RH850, V850, M68K, C28x, and M32R all produce recognizable structural signatures without symbols or file headers. |
| [**ROM Layout Analyzer**](docs/module-reference/ecu-rom-layout-analyzer.md) | Splits a flat ROM into CODE, CALIBRATION, and IVT regions before analysis begins. The interrupt vector table is excluded from function discovery so taint trackers start from clean application code boundaries. |
| [**Calibration Parsers**](docs/module-reference/ecu-cal-parsers.md) | Reads TunerPro XDF, ASAM A2L, RomRaider XML, open_damos, ConesCAN, and Nissan Pytrex definition files and injects human-readable table labels into BinaryContext. Every array in the ROM has a name when the taint tracker reaches it. |
| [**CAN DBC Parser**](docs/module-reference/can-dbc-parser.md) | Reads CAN signal database files and makes message and signal definitions available during binary analysis. No other RE tool brings CAN signal context into the taint analysis pipeline. |
| [**ECU Security Access Scanner**](docs/module-reference/ecu-security-access-scanner.md) | Audits UDS SecurityAccess implementations for weak seed generation, static keys, and bypassable challenge-response logic. Runs before taint analysis so weak authentication findings are confirmed before deeper code tracing begins. |
| [**TriCore Taint Analysis**](docs/module-reference/tricore-taint-tracker.md) | Follows attacker-controlled data to security-sensitive sinks in Infineon TriCore AURIX TC1.6x ECU firmware using the GHS EABI and IAR EABI calling conventions. Automotive targets on TriCore receive the same interprocedural taint coverage as ARM64 and x86-64. |
| [**RH850 Taint Analysis**](docs/module-reference/rh850-taint-tracker.md) | Follows attacker-controlled data through Renesas RH850 ECU firmware using the GHS CC-RH and IAR RH850 ABIs. Flat ROM support handles images shipped without ELF headers because most automotive RH850 firmware ships without them. |

</details>

<details>
<summary><strong>Workflow & Quality Gates</strong> </summary>

| Capability | |
|:---|:---|
| [**Version Diffing**](docs/workflows/cross-version.md) | Checks whether the logic changed, not whether the file changed, so a cosmetic recompile cannot hide an unpatched vulnerability. |
| [**Kernel Module Subsystem Classifier**](docs/module-reference/kernel-module-subsystem-classifier.md) | Classifies a Linux kernel module by its source tree path to determine attack surface before analysis begins. Network-reachable modules surface first so manual review starts at the highest-risk code. |
| [**Module Quality Gate**](docs/module-reference/forge.md) | FORGE audits every user-written module before it can be stored, so local extensions meet the same standard as the modules that ship with Ablation. Every HIGH and CRITICAL finding is tagged with the pipeline stage where it would surface without the audit, from a free static-check catch at develop time to an 18x-cost find in production. |
| [**Coverage Gate**](docs/ABLATION-STANDARDS.md) | The taint engine requires 85% statement coverage on every commit, so a regression in taint logic fails the test suite before it reaches a firmware engagement. |
| [**YARA Rule Generation**](docs/module-reference/yara-generator.md) | Synthesizes YARA detection rules from PE and ELF scanner findings so confirmed vulnerability signatures are immediately deployable in detection pipelines without manual rule authoring. |

</details>

<details>
<summary><strong>31 Decompilers</strong></summary>

<details>
<summary><strong>Native CPUs</strong> </summary>

| ISA | Variants |
|---|---|
| [**x86**](docs/module-reference/binary-lifter.md) | x86-32 · x86-64 |
| [**ARM**](docs/module-reference/binary-lifter.md) | ARM-32 · ARM-64 · Thumb |
| [**MIPS**](docs/module-reference/binary-lifter.md) | MIPS-32 · [nanoMIPS](docs/module-reference/nanomips.md) · MIPS-64 |
| [**PowerPC**](docs/module-reference/ppc32-taint-tracker.md) | PPC-32 · PPC-64 · [VLE](docs/module-reference/ecu-vle-decoder.md) |
| [**RISC-V**](docs/module-reference/binary-lifter.md) | RV32 · RV64 · [HiSilicon ext](docs/module-reference/hisi-rv32-ext.md) |
| [**ARC**](docs/module-reference/binary-lifter.md) | ARC EM/HS |
| [**LoongArch**](docs/module-reference/loongarch64.md) | LoongArch64 |
| [**Intel MCS**](docs/module-reference/isa-8051.md) | 8051 |

</details>

<details>
<summary><strong>Automotive ECUs</strong> </summary>

| ISA | Variants |
|---|---|
| [**V850 / RH850**](docs/module-reference/rh850-taint-tracker.md) | V850-32 · RH850 |
| [**Renesas SH**](docs/module-reference/binary-lifter-sh2a.md) | SH-2A |
| [**Motorola**](docs/module-reference/ecu-m68k-decoder.md) | M68K / CPU32 · [MC88100](docs/module-reference/m88k-decoder.md) |
| [**Infineon**](docs/module-reference/tricore-taint-tracker.md) | TriCore TC1.6x |
| [**TI DSP**](docs/module-reference/ecu-c28x-decoder.md) | TMS320C28x |

</details>

<details>
<summary><strong>VMs & Runtimes</strong> </summary>

| ISA | Variants |
|---|---|
| [**DEX**](docs/module-reference/android.md) | Dalvik · ART |
| [**ARK**](docs/module-reference/harmonyos.md) | ArkTS |
| [**BEAM**](docs/module-reference/beam.md) | Erlang · Elixir |
| [**MicroPython**](docs/module-reference/mpy-lifter.md) | .mpy v6 |

</details>

</details>

## Project Background

<details>
<summary><strong>Real-World Results</strong></summary>

## Real-World Results
Ablation has been used to analyze production firmware and kernel drivers from Cisco, Fortinet, TencentOS, Huawei, and more.

Following coordinated disclosure, the Cisco Product Security Incident Response Team (PSIRT) adopted Ablation for internal vulnerability triage and continues to use it to evaluate ongoing disclosure reports. Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) LINA is among the artifacts analyzed, with findings submitted through CERT/CC VINCE.

| CVE | Product | Title | CVSS |
|---|---|---|---|
| [CVE‑2026‑76420](https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-fmc2-multivulns-HXgcqRG) | Secure Firewall Management Center (FMC) | Peer Impersonation | 9.0 Critical |
| [CVE‑2026‑76412](https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-fmc2-multivulns-HXgcqRG) | Secure Firewall Management Center (FMC) | Privilege Escalation to root | 8.5 High |
| [CVE‑2026‑76413](https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-fmc2-multivulns-HXgcqRG) | Secure Firewall Management Center (FMC) | Single Sign-On Token Forgery | 8.5 High |
| [CVE‑2026‑76447](https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-ise-multiauth-bypass-sgD2HbL4) | Identity Services Engine (ISE) | OCSP Responder Authentication Bypass | 5.3 Medium |



---

</details>

<details>
<summary><strong>Acknowledgments</strong></summary>

## Acknowledgments
The code couldn't exist without their ideas. Though no code was written by these authors, doctors, and engineers their work has direct influence on the production of code that makes Ablation what it is.

**Research Papers**

| Title | Authors |
|---|---|
| [Reverse Compilation Techniques](https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=iseZ69MAAAAJ&citation_for_view=iseZ69MAAAAJ:u-x6o8ySG0sC) · [Specifying the Semantics of Machine Instructions](https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/693702) · [UQBT: Adaptable Binary Translation at Low Cost](https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/825697) · [Machine-Adaptable Dynamic Binary Translation](https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/351397.351414) | [Dr. Cristina Cifuentes](https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&user=iseZ69MAAAAJ) |
| [Design of a Retargetable Decompiler for a Static Platform-Independent Malware Analysis](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/220849941_Design_of_a_Retargetable_Decompiler_for_a_Static_Platform-Independent_Malware_Analysis) | [Petr Zemek](https://github.com/s3rvac), Lukáš Ďurfina, Jakub Křoustek, Dušan Kolář, Tomas Hruska, Karel Masařík, Alexander Meduna |
| [Finding Taint-Style Vulnerabilities in Linux-based Embedded Firmware with SSE-based Alias Analysis](https://arxiv.org/abs/2109.12209) | Cheng, Zheng, Liu, Guan, Liu, Li, Zhu, Ye, Sun |
| [iResolveX: Multi-Layered Indirect Call Resolution via Static Reasoning and Learning-Augmented Refinement](https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.17888) | Monika Santra, Bokai Zhang, Mark Lim, [Vishnu Asutosh Dasu](https://github.com/vdasu), Dongrui Zeng, [Gang Tan](https://github.com/gangtan) |
| [Extracting Protocol Format as State Machine via Controlled Static Loop Analysis](https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.13483) | [Qingkai Shi](https://github.com/qingkaishi), Xiangzhe Xu, Xiangyu Zhang |
| [NEMETYL: Message Type Identification of Binary Network Protocols using Continuous Segment Similarity](https://arxiv.org/abs/2002.03391) | [Stephan Kleber](https://github.com/vs-uulm), Rens Wouter van der Heijden, [Frank Kargl](https://github.com/fkargl) |
| [Imperfect Forward Secrecy: How Diffie-Hellman Fails in Practice](https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2810103.2813707) | [David Adrian](https://github.com/dadrian), Karthikeyan Bhargavan, [Zakir Durumeric](https://github.com/zakird), Pierrick Gaudry, Matthew Green, [J. Alex Halderman](https://github.com/jhalderm), [Nadia Heninger](https://github.com/factorable), Drew Springall, Emmanuel Thomé, [Luke Valenta](https://github.com/lukevalenta) |
| [Nonce-Disrespecting Adversaries: Practical Forgery Attacks on GCM in TLS](https://www.usenix.org/conference/woot16/workshop-program/presentation/bock) | [Hanno Böck](https://github.com/hannob), [Aaron Zauner](https://github.com/azet), Sean Devlin, [Juraj Somorovsky](https://github.com/jurajsomorovsky), [Philipp Jovanovic](https://github.com/Daeinar) |
| [Whitening Sentence Representations for Better Semantics and Faster Retrieval](https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.15316) | [Jianlin Su](https://github.com/bojone), [Jiarun Cao](https://github.com/jiaruncao), Weijie Liu, Yangyiwen Ou |
| [Constant Propagation with Conditional Branches](https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/103135.103136) | Mark N. Wegman, F. Kenneth Zadeck |
| [A Simple, Fast Dominance Algorithm](https://www.cs.princeton.edu/techreports/2005/737.pdf) | Cooper, Harvey, Kennedy |
| [libdft: Practical Dynamic Data Flow Tracking for Commodity Systems](https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2151024.2151042) | [Vasileios P. Kemerlis](https://github.com/vkemerlis), [Georgios Portokalidis](https://github.com/portokalidis), [Kangkook Jee](https://github.com/jikk), Angelos D. Keromytis |

**Books** supplied by [www.oreilly.com](https://www.oreilly.com) | [github.com/oreillymedia](https://github.com/oreillymedia)

| Title | Authors |
|---|---|
| The Art of Software Security Assessment | [Mark Dowd](https://github.com/mdowd79), John McDonald, [Justin Schuh](https://github.com/jschuh) |
| Practical Binary Analysis | [Dennis Andriesse](https://github.com/dennisaa) |
| Practical Malware Analysis | Michael Sikorski, Andrew Honig |
| Practical Reverse Engineering | Bruce Dang, Alexandre Gazet, [Elias Bachaalany](https://github.com/0xeb) |
| Hacking: The Art of Exploitation (2e) | Jon Erickson |
| Learning Linux Binary Analysis | [Ryan O'Neill](https://github.com/elfmaster) |
| Windows Internals Part 1 & 2 | [Pavel Yosifovich](https://github.com/zodiacon), [Mark Russinovich](https://github.com/markrussinovich), David Solomon, [Alex Ionescu](https://github.com/ionescu007), [Andrea Allievi](https://github.com/AaLl86) |
| Rootkits: Subverting the Windows Kernel | Greg Hoglund, Jamie Butler |
| Advanced Compiler Design and Implementation | Steven Muchnick |
| Engineering a Compiler | Keith Cooper, Linda Torczon |
| Practical IoT Hacking | [Fotios Chantzis](https://github.com/ithilgore), Ioannis Stais, Paulino Calderon, Evangelos Deirmentzoglou, Beau Woods |
| Inside the Android OS: Building, Customizing, Managing and Operating Android System Services | [G. Blake Meike](https://github.com/bmeike) |
| Malware Analysis and Detection Engineering | [Abhijit Mohanta](https://github.com/amohanta), Anoop Saldanha |
| Evasive Malware | [Kyle Cucci](https://github.com/d4rksystem) |
| Hacking Cryptography | [Kamran Khan](https://github.com/krkhan), [Bill Cox](https://github.com/waywardgeek) |
| Real-World Cryptography | David Wong |

**Honorable Mention**

[Microsoft Excel (Data Analysis ToolPak)](https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/use-the-analysis-toolpak-to-perform-complex-data-analysis-6c67ccf0-f4a9-487c-8dec-bdb5a2cefab6) When analyzing closed infrastructure or securing black-box systems, this exact process is called timing analysis or telemetry reverse engineering. Without source code, the Data Analysis ToolPak mathematically deconstructs how an application works on the backend by strictly observing its inputs and outputs.

---

</details>

<details>
<summary><strong>Demonstrations</strong></summary>

### Ablation in Action

![Ablation in Action](demos/Ablation-In-Action-01.gif)

### How to Use Ablation

![How to Use Ablation](demos/How-To-Use-Ablation.gif)

### Learn as You RE

![Learn as You RE](demos/Learn-As-You-RE.gif)

</details>

## Getting Started

<details>
<summary><strong>Install</strong></summary>

## Install

> **Do not run `pip install ablation`.** An unrelated package occupies that name on PyPI. You will install the wrong thing and see no error.

**From PyPI:**

```bash
pip install ablation-tool
```

**With LLM features** (`anthropic` client):

```bash
pip install "ablation-tool[llm]"
```

**Verified install (pinned commit SHA)** — pip rejects any substitution:

```bash
pip install -r requirements-verified.txt
```

**Local / development:**

```bash
git clone https://github.com/Ablation-Tool/ablation.git ~/ablation
pip install -e ~/ablation/
```

**Verify the install:**

```bash
python -c "import ablation; print(ablation.__version__)"
python -c "from ablation.analyzers.binary_context import BinaryContext; print('ok')"
```

---

</details>

<details>
<summary><strong>Requirements</strong></summary>

## Requirements

- Python >= 3.10
- `capstone`, `numpy`, `lief`, `sentence-transformers`, `pyelftools`

---

</details>

<details>
<summary><strong>Responsible Use</strong></summary>

## Responsible Use

Ablation is built for authorized security research. Use it only against systems you own or have explicit written permission to test. Running it against systems without authorization violates computer fraud laws in most jurisdictions. The author is not responsible for misuse.

---

</details>

<details>
<summary><strong>Standards</strong></summary>

## Standards

**[NIST SP 800-218](https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/sp/800/218/final)**

This defines how software should be built, organized around four practice areas: preparing the development environment, protecting the codebase from unauthorized changes, writing software with security built into every layer, and responding when vulnerabilities surface after release.

What this means for Ablation in practice is a mandatory ten-section security audit on every module before it touches the repository.

The audit covers input validation, memory handling, integer safety, error handling, concurrency, dependency security, injection prevention, secrets handling, logging, and residual risks.

No module is committed without passing it.

Taint trackers, which are the modules that matter most if they get something wrong, carry an additional requirement: 85% statement coverage enforced by a hard gate in the test suite, verified against byte-exact synthetic instruction sequences that test ABI register behavior, not just whether the code runs without crashing.

Dependencies are pinned with exact hashes and scanned weekly for known CVEs.

**[CISA Secure by Design](https://www.cisa.gov/securebydesign)**

CISA asks software manufacturers to commit to three things: take ownership of the security outcomes of the people who rely on the software, be transparent about its limitations, and treat security as a requirement rather than a recommendation.

For a RE framework, taking ownership of security outcomes has a specific meaning.

A taint tracker that misses a vulnerability does not just produce a wrong answer.

It produces a result someone may act on as evidence the binary is clean.

That is why a false negative in any Ablation taint tracker is classified as a CRITICAL defect.

Every tracker ships with a documented known-anomalies file describing the exact conditions under which it can produce false negatives, so a researcher knows when to apply manual verification on top of the automated result.

The precommit gate is not advisory. No code enters the repository without passing it.

**[MIL-HDBK-115C](https://www.nsa.gov)**

The US Department of Defense handbook for reverse engineering methodology. 

It defines four phases:

**Phase 1.** Every engagement starts with a session file recording the target description, artifact hash, tool selection, and documentation plan before any analysis runs. The rule that semantic search runs before manual disassembly maps to the following phase.

**Phase 2** Requires characterizing a binary at the function level before doing detailed trace work. The DynamicSandbox covers the following.

**Phase 3.** The structured retrospective written at the close of every completed project maps to the final phase.

**Phase 4.** The standards document tracks 29 specific requirements drawn from all three frameworks. All 29 are met.

</details>

<details>
<summary><strong>Contact</strong></summary>

## Contact

Feel free to contact me if you have any questions, ideas, complaints or bugs.

📧 ablation@nuclide-research.com  
𝕏 [@showxlate](https://x.com/showxlate)

</details>

---
